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Just a Thought - DRM-free Music: A Baby Step In The Right Direction

EMI and Apple recently announced that iTunes will be offering digital rights management (DRM) free music at a higher bit rate (256kb AAC versus 128kb AAC that's standard at the iTunes Store), and for thirty cents more that the same DRM encoded song, this coming May.

Joyous celebration erupted in many corners of the world, as many proclaimed that this was the first of many blows to digital music DRM. They feel that this will ultimately result in the demise of all copy protection schemes for music, and finally bring the digital music world to parity with the ways things were in the heady days of vinyl albums and cassette tapes.

Other record labels are sure to follow EMI's example and offer DRM-free music on iTunes and other download services, charging more for the privilege. It seems like a win-win solution, doesn't it? Everyone makes out: The consumer has more choices in how they get their music (and choice is usually a good thing), record labels won't look like greedy bloodsuckers who are bent on extracting every last drop of creative life-blood of the artists they supposedly serve, and teen girls can rock out to Nelly Furtado's 'Promiscuous' in glorious 256kb AAC encoding until their eardrums melt.

But is that really the way of it? Will DRM-less tunes open a new era in music loving or will it just become an interesting historical footnote?

There is no doubt that DRM, in it's current incarnation, is useless as a deterrent to music thieves; anyone with half a brain, the barest minimum of technical expertise, and criminal intent can circumvent any of today's DRM schemes, including those from Apple and Microsoft.

Today, if you want to, you can buy music from iTunes now and play that music on ANY music player, not just Apple's iPod. The steps in making this work is a bit convoluted, but it does work:

  1. Buy and download the music you want from the iTunes Store
  2. Burn it to a CD or CD image
  3. Import the music back into iTunes or whatever music system you wish
  4. Make sure the metadata (the information that accompanies the music, like song titles, artist info, and album art) is intact.
  5. Done.

The Apple/EMI deal removes steps 2 thru 4; a time saver and a nice reduction in complication, but the process was hardly complicated to begin with.

I imagine a similar process is possible to circumvent Microsoft's DRM setup, so going DRM-less will really solve little, except to make the process of buying and using music a little less painful for honest folks.

What about the thieves? Won't DRM-less music make their thieving easier, thus putting everyone back where we started with the nefarious illegal music mongers giving away untold zillions of dollars worth of free music to anyone willing to download it, thus leaving the poor artists penniless, destitute, and with poor personal hygiene?

In a word: Yep!

But here's the thing: it is that way now. Honest folk currently buy what they want to listen to, or borrow CDs from friends and rip them, make compilation CDs for special people in their lives, or...well, you see where I'm heading. Honest folks use the music they've bought on vinyl, cassettes, CDs, and now digitally downloaded to compliment and enhance their lives, and isn't that what music is about?

I'll grudgingly agree that music consumers should not offer up their music libraries to anyone capable of downloading it, but I'll also agree that the music that we buy is ours to do with what we want. There's a line somewhere in there that people should not cross when it comes to doing stuff with the music they own, but where is that line? When do we stop being honest folk and become godless music plunderers hellbent on depriving shoes, bowls of weak gruel, and cough medicine from the kids of the artists we've ripped off?

Music companies, as well as entities like the RIAA, have artists believing that the very people who supports them through music purchases are also the very people who are depriving them of payment for their work. It's a magicians trick: redirect the attention with bluster, lawsuits, and rhetoric while the real culprits continue to enjoy growth and profits.

Artists want to get paid for what they produce, and while no one wants to have his or her work freely distributed and not get a penny for his or her efforts, I believe that many artists would prefer to offer their work using the model of artist/consumer commerce that has been in place for hundreds years.

Hundreds of years?

Absolutely. When the Medici Family and other patrons hired artists during The European Renaissance the work that the artists produced and was paid for belonged to the patrons. Michael-Angelo is associated with the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, but the chapel, and the artwork on the ceiling is owned by The Catholic Church. If the Pope wanted to scrub the ceiling and hire someone else to paint something new, a beach scene perhaps, or if they wanted to replicate the ceiling in another chapel, he could. The artist had little to say about the situation, and did not get paid each time a replica was made.

Like the art patrons back in Renaissance Italy, I believe we own what we buy from artists and that includes personally using it for the occasional compilation CD or slide show background tune.

The problem is that we actually don't buy from artists, do we?

We buy from the representatives of artists, otherwise known as the record labels, and they are the ones who have mucked up the artist/patron relationship.

Greed, which seems to be the root of everything that is screwed up in the world today, has made the music labels think that they are the prime element in the creation and enjoyment of art. After all, without them, would the world have known Billy Holiday, The Beatles, Macy Gray, or Nickel Back?

Perhaps not, but without the talents of the artists and the willingness of consumers to spend a buck or two on the arts, everyone would be without; artists without an audience, patrons without fresh artists, and distributors without anything to distribute.

Digtial music distribution helps keep the middleman honest: It's harder for music companies to claim exorbitant distribution costs when the distribution mechanism is a website. DRM-less music removes one of the fictitious reasons artists "need" the support of the record companies and puts the artists a wee bit closer to their audience.

What EMI and Apple have done should be commended; they have taken a realistic look at the system and have decided to do something about it. It's a small step, but it shows that the companies, especially EMI, are not adverse to change, which could lead to all sorts of good things for everyone involved.

The other element in this equation is the consumer; you and me. We have allowed others to dictate what is good or bad, and how much we should pay, and I think it's time we've taken back some of that control, and we do that with our wallets.

I believe the EMI/Apple deal is a small, but good start, and that it deserves our support. I intend to buy as much as I can afford from EMI when Apple makes DRM-less music available on iTunes. I suggest that you do the same. If you don't have an iTunes account, get one and buy EMI tunes exclusively.

I also suggest that you buy from independent labels whose policies are not based on greed. Magnatune, Spotted Peccary Music, and Abet Music are the first labels that comes to my mind, but they are, by far, not the only independent labels around. Check out The Association of Independent Music (AIM), a listing of indie labels in the UK, and browse News Pages Guide to Independent Record Labels for more labels.

The point is this: Big record labels got that way because we, the artists and patrons, made them that way. All of the DRM crap is just that, crap designed to keep the current system in place for as long as possible, thus keeping big labels big and us little guys, the artists and the consumers, running in circles.

If we get pass the crap we find that the relationship between artist and patron is intact and going strong, and can get even stronger if we keep finding ways to remove more of the crap.


Vern Seward is a writer who currently lives in Orlando, FL. He's been a Mac fan since Atari Computers folded, but has worked with computers of nearly every type for 20 years.

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Engine Joe said:

member since 29 Jun 2004 with 413 posts, unranked, send him a message or view his profile

"The Apple/EMI deal removes steps 2 thru 4; a time saver and a nice reduction in complication, but the process was hardly complicated to begin with."

This really glosses over A LOT. The conversion of the Fairplay-encoded AAC file to CD audio will result in a loss of fidelity. The conversion BACK to a DRM-free digital file will shed even more fidelity. And 128kbps AACs aren't all that hi-fi anyway. The resultant audio files play fine and sound "ok" but they have lost a lot of information in translation, and noticeable damage to the audio can easily be heard.

To ignore that and call the Apple-EMI deal something that just makes the task of making your iTunes music portable is ignorant at best, and suspect in motivation at worst.

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VSeward said:

member since 28 Jun 2001 with 972 posts, TMO Staff, send him a message or view his profile

Engine Joe wrote:
"The Apple/EMI deal removes steps 2 thru 4; a time saver and a nice reduction in complication, but the process was hardly complicated to begin with."

This really glosses over A LOT. The conversion of the Fairplay-encoded AAC file to CD audio will result in a loss of fidelity. The conversion BACK to a DRM-free digital file will shed even more fidelity. And 128kbps AACs aren't all that hi-fi anyway. The resultant audio files play fine and sound "ok" but they have lost a lot of information in translation, and noticeable damage to the audio can easily be heard.

To ignore that and call the Apple-EMI deal something that just makes the task of making your iTunes music portable is ignorant at best, and suspect in motivation at worst.

You assume that people only get their music in ACC format, and that just isn't true. Most folks download in MP3 just as a matter of convenience. The process of producing an audio CD from AAC files is not complicated, and ripping it back to whatever format is not complicated either. Do you lose info? Yeah, some, but not enough that most people will notice. Do most people care? No.

Most folks just want to be able to play music where they want. Audiophiles go already go through whatever motions they need to to get the best sound, so the EMI/Apple deal won't mean a lot to them.

To pay attention to only what a monority of users do is, in itself, being willfully ignorant of how most people use music.

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Engine Joe said:

member since 29 Jun 2004 with 413 posts, unranked, send him a message or view his profile

"You assume that people only get their music in ACC format, and that just isn't true."

Er, Vern, I was responding to your point where you said: "Today, if you want to, you can buy music from iTunes now and play that music on ANY music player, not just Apple's iPod."

If you're downloading from iTunes, you're getting your music in AAC.

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Biff said:

member since 08 Apr 2004 with 1479 posts, unranked, send him a message or view his profile

Engine Joe wrote:
"You assume that people only get their music in ACC format, and that just isn't true."

Er, Vern, I was responding to your point where you said: "Today, if you want to, you can buy music from iTunes now and play that music on ANY music player, not just Apple's iPod."

If you're downloading from iTunes, you're getting your music in AAC.

Here's a question: Why are you nitpicking a line from Vern's article which was so obviously meant to be humorous? I suppose it was pretty irresponsible of him not to include an exhaustive technical anaylsis of all aspects of digital music conversion. That would have definitely made for much better reading.

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VSeward said:

member since 28 Jun 2001 with 972 posts, TMO Staff, send him a message or view his profile

Oh yeah. Good point. Thanks for keeping me straight.

But most of what I said is still true. Most folks don't care about a little loss in quality as long as they can play it where they want. Whether I rip is as an MP3 or convert from AAC doesn't make a difference to the average Joe or Jill, in my opinion.

And, I still ascert that those who care about such things (fidelity) won't care much about the EMI/Apple deal. AAC was never the format of choice for audiophiles.

So, in the end, the format most music winds up in is MP3.

Besides, the only thing people care about is making weak gruel weaker. ( There's nothing like a cold fetid bowl of gruel. it's what a growing body needs.)

Vern Seward

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A guest said: (hide)

Engine Joe wrote:
The conversion of the Fairplay-encoded AAC file to CD audio will result in a loss of fidelity. The conversion BACK to a DRM-free digital file will shed even more fidelity.

Color me ignorant, but I don't understand this theory. CD Audio is uncompressed. So you should lose no quality going to CD. Now, obviously, it won't be "CD Quality" because the original wasn't "CD Quality." But you lose nothing going to CD.

Now, if you re-encode to another format--such as MP3--you will lose fidelity unless you use a higher bps setting. AAC is a better codec than MP3, meaning that it produces better quality at the same bit-rate or equivalent quality at a lower bitrate. So if you take your 128Kbps AAC music and convert it to 128Kbps MP3, the fidelity won't be the same. If you take your 128Kbps AAC music and encode it at 192Kbps MP3, you won't notice the loss of fidelity.

You can do the test yourself, if you want. Take a CD and rip the music off of it as 128Kbps AAC. At this point, you basically have what you purchased from the iTunes Store (sans DRM). Convert it to AIFF, which is what is used on CD. From there, convert it to whatever format you want until your ears don't hear a difference. For me, that was 192Kbps MP3. Depending on the music and your ears, your mileage may vary.

What has me interested in the Apple/EMI deal is not the loss of DRM, though that will be nice. It's the 256Kbps AAC files. In the excitement over DRM, people have pretty well neglected to point out that's you're paying an extra 30 cents for a much better-sounding file. No, I wouldn't pay an extra 30 cents to have the DRM removed--it shouldn't be there to begin with. But I'll gladly pay an extra 30 cents for the extra fidelity.

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Engine Joe said:

member since 29 Jun 2004 with 413 posts, unranked, send him a message or view his profile

What's up your craw, Biff? Care to contribute something substantive?

Anyway, thanks for responding, Vern. Perhaps I'm not audiophile enough - I must be one of the few in the netheregions between camps - I stick with compressed formats because of space/capacity issues... but I'm not (as defined herein) an "average" listener either, since I can easily hear the loss of quality in most compression. So I tend to encode at 256kbps AAC which seems to be the best balance of file size and audio quality to satisfy me. Moreover, I don't download from iTunes.

Now I probably will, at least sometimes. So to me, when I read certain passages in this piece, they simply didn't ring true. And that was why the Fairplay AAC -> disk -> MP3 conversion point you made stuck out to me... it doesn't achieve the same end as downloading a 256kbps file directly, as there are two levels of audio improvement - (1) higher encoding; and (2) less loss through conversion. Important for me, but perhaps, as you argue, not important to most.

Cheers.

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VSeward said:

member since 28 Jun 2001 with 972 posts, TMO Staff, send him a message or view his profile

I get where you are coming from, and I understand completely.

As for Biff, I think he just wanted to point out that I had my tougue placed firmly in my cheek while writing that article, so it wasn't about in-depth analysis of the proper way to get full fidelity while avoiding DRM.

(Where did that expression come from, I wonder? Hmmm... looks like more web surfing tonight.)

Have a gud'un.

Vern Seward

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Engine Joe said:

member since 29 Jun 2004 with 413 posts, unranked, send him a message or view his profile

"Color me ignorant, but I don't understand this theory."

All format conversion from one compression type to another compression type introduces some "distortion" (not musical distortion, of course), because the whole point of the compression formats are that not all of the original information is there. When you take an incomplete picture and convert it into another incomplete picture that uses a different methodology, more information is lost/changed.

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Intruder said:

member since 07 Jul 2004 with 3149 posts, TMO Mac Specialist, send him a message or view his profile

I think his point is that the act of converting to CD is an act of decompression, not compression or recompression. The CD should have the same audio quality as the original AAC file. Going from the uncompressed CD to mp3 would recompress the data in another format, thus introducing more loss of data.

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Engine Joe said:

member since 29 Jun 2004 with 413 posts, unranked, send him a message or view his profile

I hear you, Intruder, but he also said this: "If you take your 128Kbps AAC music and encode it at 192Kbps MP3, you won't notice the loss of fidelity."

Which is not necessarily true.

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